Penalty clauses

In the recent case of Holyoake and Candy (June 2018), the Court of Justice clarified the interpretation of the penalty rule, and how careful drafting can take a clause outside the scope of the rule. THE PENALTY RULE AND ITS POTENTIAL WIDE APPLICATION TO CONTRACTS...

Implied contract claim

In Standish (“Standish”) and RBS (“RBS”) [2018], the High Court ruled that an alleged overarching agreement between the parties could not arise by implication. THE FACTS Standish were shareholders in a company which suffered financial difficulties, who were...