Penalty clauses

In the recent case of Holyoake and Candy (June 2018), the Court of Justice clarified the interpretation of the penalty rule, and how careful drafting can take a clause outside the scope of the rule. THE PENALTY RULE AND ITS POTENTIAL WIDE APPLICATION TO CONTRACTS...

Implied contract claim

In Standish (“Standish”) and RBS (“RBS”) [2018], the High Court ruled that an alleged overarching agreement between the parties could not arise by implication. THE FACTS Standish were shareholders in a company which suffered financial difficulties, who were...

New FRC Corporate Governance Code

The Financial Reporting Council has published the final 2018 edition of the Corporate Governance Code and the associated Guidance on Board Effectiveness. The latest edition also includes a feedback statement which contains a detailed comparison between the 2016 and...

Fiduciary duties

In the recent case of Keystone (“Keystone”) and another vs Parr and other (September 2018), the Court found that a director was in breach of his fiduciary duty when he sold his shares to the other shareholders, and then left to set up a competitor company....